Superconductivity with High Upper Critical Field in the Cubic Centrosymmetric η-Carbide Nb4Rh2C1−δ

The upper critical field is a fundamental measure of the strength of superconductivity in a material. It is also a cornerstone for the realization of superconducting magnet applications. The critical field arises because of the Cooper pair breaking at a limiting field, which is due to the Pauli paramagnetism of the electrons. The maximal possible magnetic field strength for this effect is commonly known as the Pauli paramagnetic limit given as μ₀H_Pauli ≈ 1.86[T/K]·T_c for a weak-coupling Bardeen–Schrieffer–Cooper (BCS) superconductor. The violation of this limit is only rarely observed. Exceptions include some low-temperature heavy Fermion and some strongly anisotropic superconductors. Here, we report on the superconductivity at 9.75 K in the centrosymmetric, cubic η-carbide-type compound Nb₄Rh₂C_1−δ, with a normalized specific heat jump of ΔC/γT_c = 1.64. We find that this material has a remarkably high upper critical field of μ₀H_c2(0) = 28.5 T, which is exceeding by far its weak-coupling BCS Pauli paramagnetic limit of μ₀H_Pauli = 18.1 T. Determination of the origin and consequences of this effect will represent a significant new direction in the study of critical fields in superconductors.